{"id":214,"date":"2021-11-12T00:53:18","date_gmt":"2021-11-12T00:53:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/au.test\/how-we-protect-religious-freedom\/legal-resources\/"},"modified":"2024-07-07T04:13:46","modified_gmt":"2024-07-07T08:13:46","slug":"legal-resources","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.au.org\/how-we-protect-religious-freedom\/legal-resources\/","title":{"rendered":"Legal Resources"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"214\" class=\"elementor elementor-214\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-element elementor-element-ac1926a e-flex e-con-boxed ae-bg-gallery-type-default e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ac1926a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-element elementor-element-d79158e e-con-full e-flex ae-bg-gallery-type-default e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d79158e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ef5962 black-text-link elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ef5962\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Legal Resources<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-element elementor-element-1ebc58c e-con-full e-flex ae-bg-gallery-type-default e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1ebc58c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb2455e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fb2455e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.au.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Shield-Homepage-Image-1-qu3siz9ypwejaz75svoe95cx2owv4xeryzquuukf7k.jpg\" title=\"Shield &#8211; Homepage Image\" alt=\"Shield - Homepage Image\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-element elementor-element-ec5bbc4 e-flex e-con-boxed ae-bg-gallery-type-default e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ec5bbc4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-element elementor-element-00130da e-con-full e-flex ae-bg-gallery-type-default e-con e-child\" data-id=\"00130da\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2212db9 white-text-link elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2212db9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Americans United\u2019s legal staff are experts in church-state and religious-freedom law. Learn more about important recent church-state decisions and key religious-freedom issues that we work on.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-element elementor-element-2aed5c2 e-flex e-con-boxed ae-bg-gallery-type-default e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2aed5c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-element elementor-element-5069f34 e-con-full e-flex ae-bg-gallery-type-default e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5069f34\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09aedee elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"09aedee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;multiple&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1010\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1010\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Americans United analyses of recent Supreme Court decisions <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-element elementor-element-511cc81 e-con-full e-flex ae-bg-gallery-type-default e-con e-child\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1010\" data-id=\"511cc81\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14b3c89 black-text-link elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"14b3c89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/au.org\/the-latest\/articles\/supreme-court-fulton\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fulton v. City of Philadelphia (2021)<\/a>:<\/strong>\u00a0<\/em>The Court issued a narrow decision exempting a religious, taxpayer-funded foster-care agency from a city nondiscrimination requirement that had barred the agency from turning away LGBTQ parents.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/au.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Supreme-Court-Minsterial-Exception-Report-7.10.20.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><strong>Our Lady of Guadalupe School v. Morrissey-Berru (2020):<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0<\/a>The Court expanded the ability of religious schools to lawfully discriminate against their employees using a legal doctrine known as the ministerial exception.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/au.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Supreme-Court-Birth-Control-Access-Report-7.10.20.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><strong>Trump v. Pennsylvania (2020):<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0<\/a>The Court upheld a broad religious exemption from regulations requiring employer and university health-insurance plans to cover contraceptives.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/au.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Religious-Freedom-After-Espinoza-7.2.20_1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><strong>Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue (2020):<\/strong>\u00a0<\/em><\/a>The Court ruled that if a state decides to create a private-school voucher program, it must fund private religious schools along with private secular schools.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/au.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/SCOTUS-Title-VII-religious-freedom-June-2020_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><strong>Bostock v. Clayton County (2020):<\/strong>\u00a0<\/em><\/a>After the Court\u2019s ruling that federal civil-rights law prohibits discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity, will religious extremists be able to weaponize religion to undermine LGBTQ rights?<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1011\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1011\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Articles about important church-state issues by AU's current and former legal staff <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-element elementor-element-3afcf6f e-con-full e-flex ae-bg-gallery-type-default e-con e-child\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1011\" data-id=\"3afcf6f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-541202f black-text-link elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"541202f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/au.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/A-Hollow-History-Test_-Why-Establishment-Clause-Cases-Should-Not.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><strong>A Hollow History Test: Why Establishment Clause Cases Should Not Be Decided through Comparisons with Historical Practices<\/strong><\/em><\/a>, by Alex J. Luchenitser &amp; Sarah R. Goetz, 68 Catholic University Law Review 653 (2019).<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scotusblog.com\/2018\/12\/symposium-cross-purposes-why-a-christian-symbol-cant-memorialize-all-war-dead\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><strong>Symposium: Cross purposes \u2014 Why a Christian symbol can\u2019t memorialize all war dead<\/strong><\/em><\/a>, by Richard B. Katskee, SCOTUSblog (Dec. 13, 2018).<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0760\/5\/4\/52\/htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><strong>\u201cReligious Freedom\u201d as a Tool to Oppress: The Explosion in Religion-Based Attacks on Civil Rights in Litigation<\/strong><\/em><\/a>, by Alex J. Luchenitser, 2016 Social Sciences 5, 52 (Sept. 2016).<\/p><p><em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scotusblog.com\/2016\/08\/symposium-religious-freedom-not-religious-discrimination\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Symposium: Religious freedom, not religious discrimination<\/a>,<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0by Richard B. Katskee, SCOTUSblog (Aug. 11, 2016).<\/p><p><em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/au.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/9-1_Luchenitser.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A New Era of Inequality? Hobby Lobby and Religious Exemptions from Anti-Discrimination Law<\/a>s<\/strong><\/em>, by Alex J. Luchenitser, 9 Harvard Law &amp; Policy Review 63 (Winter 2015).<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scotusblog.com\/2014\/06\/hobby-lobby-symposium-your-god-is-bigger-than-my-god\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><strong>Hobby Lobby Symposium: Your God is bigger than my God<\/strong><\/em><\/a>, by Ayesha Khan, SCOTUSblog (June 30, 2014).<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24630061?refreqid=excelsior%3Ae7d387ea1c2173bd3dc9a074abfde1b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><strong>Beating Plowshares Into Swords<\/strong><\/em><\/a>, by Richard B. Katskee, Human Rights (Jan. 2013).<\/p><p><em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/au.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/v6i2.Luchenitser.copyright.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cInnerChange\u201d: Conversion as the Price of Freedom and Comfort\u2014A Cautionary Tale About the Pitfalls of Faith-Based Prison Units<\/a>,<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0by Alex J. Luchenitser, 6 Ave Maria Law Review 445 (Spring 2008).<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/au.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Science-Intersubjective-Validity-and-Judicial-Legitimacy.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><strong>Science, Intersubjective Validity, and Judicial Legitimacy<\/strong><\/em><\/a>, by Richard B. Katskee, 73 Brooklyn L. Rev. 857 (2008).<\/p><p><em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/au.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Symposium_-Religion-in-the-Public-Schools.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Why it Mattered to Dover that Intelligent Design Isn\u2019t Science<\/a>,<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0by Richard B. Katskee, 4 First Amend. L. Rev. 112 (2006).<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanbar.org\/groups\/crsj\/publications\/human_rights_magazine_home\/human_rights_vol33_2006\/summer2006\/hr_summer06_katskee\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><strong>Paying for Praying: What\u2019s Wrong with the Faith-Based Initiative<\/strong><\/em><\/a>, by Richard B. Katskee, Human Rights (Summer 2006).<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/heinonline.org\/HOL\/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals\/clear35&amp;div=59&amp;id=&amp;page=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><strong>Casting Aside the Constitution: The Trend Toward Government Funding of Religious Social Service Providers<\/strong><\/em><\/a>, by Alex J. Luchenitser, 35 Clearinghouse Review 615 (Jan.-Feb. 2002).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Legal Resources Americans United\u2019s legal staff are experts in church-state and religious-freedom law. Learn more about important recent church-state decisions and key religious-freedom issues that we work on. Americans United analyses of recent Supreme Court decisions Fulton v. City of Philadelphia (2021):\u00a0The Court issued a narrow decision exempting a religious, taxpayer-funded foster-care agency from a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":191,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"issue_tax":[],"class_list":["post-214","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.au.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/214","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.au.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.au.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.au.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.au.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=214"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.au.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/214\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.au.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/191"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.au.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=214"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.au.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=214"},{"taxonomy":"issue_tax","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.au.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/issue_tax?post=214"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}